7.3.1: With Diacritics

zabar, zer & pesh maintain the rules we’ve seen them working with so far, here also, i.e:

Above: The letter ‘daal’ with the diacritics zabar, zer and pesh

In the previous section, we saw examples where a letter of the 'daal' group was immediately followed by an ‘alif’. Now let’s look at creating some more words where a 'daal' group letter is followed by another consonant. Let’s take the word “dab” (दब) for example:

Above: 'daal’ + ‘be’ = “dab”

In the example above, the letter ‘be’ is in its final position and therefore, does not change shape. Let’s add an ‘alif’ in the mix and look at how the word “dabaa” (दबा) is written:

Above: 'daal’ + ‘be’ + ‘alif’ = “dabaa”

In the example above, the letter ‘be’ is considered to be in its initial position owing to the “break” created by the ‘daal’. Therefore, it connects with the ‘alif’ following it.

Let’s add a ‘nuun’ to the mix here and create the word - “dabnaa” (दबना):

Above: 'daal’ + ‘be’ + ‘nuun’ + ‘alif’ = “dabnaa”

To re-enforce these rules in our minds, let’s add another ‘alif’ and create the words - “daabnaa” (दाबना) and “dabaanaa” (दबाना):

Above: 'daal’ + ‘alif’ + ‘be’ + ‘nuun’ + ‘alif’ = “daabnaa”

And just by interchanging the positions of the ‘alif’ and the ‘be’ in the example above:

Above: 'daal’ + ‘be’ + ‘alif’ + ‘nuun’ + ‘alif’ = “dabaanaa”

7.3.2: Some more words

Here are a few more words for you to learn. Things only get more interesting from here.

Awesome! With this, we’re well versed with some of the most basic rules of the Urdu script and we have a big bag of words we can read and possibly, write. Let’s move on and see how the ‘do chashmi he’ works with the 'daal' group in the next section.